Submersed aquatic macrophytes (SAY) are a critical component of the Chesapeake Bay estuary ecosystem and have been targeted for restoration under the Chesapeake 2000 Agreement (C2K) to achieve historic (1930's) SAV distributions. While SAV restoration projects are currently underway in all parts of the Chesapeake Bay ranging from the freshwater upper reaches to seawater in the lower reaches, little is still known about effective strategies that enhance restoration success of SAV. The proposed research program would evaluate the success of past restoration projects and assess the effectiveness of planting diverse SAV communities to enhance restoration success throughout the Chesapeake Bay.